马奶子葡萄叶面积评估模型的建立

【目的】研究新疆南疆地区马奶子葡萄叶长、叶宽、叶长×叶宽及叶面积之间的关系,为田间快速估测葡萄叶面积提供方法。【方法】以南疆地区马奶子葡萄品种的叶片作为研究对象,测定叶片的叶长、叶宽、叶长×叶宽及叶面积值,分析不同指标和马奶子葡萄叶面积之间的关系。【结果】建立的叶面积估测的二元回归方程,是估测马奶子葡萄叶面积最佳的回归方程,估测的平均差异率仅为2.103%;建立的二元回归方程y₁=12.990x₁+2.501x₂-66.109为最优方程。【结论】马奶子葡萄叶片的叶长、叶宽、叶长×叶宽与叶面积均存在极显著相关,运用回归法估测马奶子葡萄叶面积,既不破坏树体,又具有简便易测、可靠性强、准确性高的优点。     

日光温室主动采光对不同种植密度番茄光合特性的影响

【目的】研究日光温室在主动采光与普通采光条件下,对其环境以及番茄叶片光合特性的影响。【方法】在主动采光与普通采光的2种日光温室内,设计4、6、8 株/m² 3种不同的番茄种植密度处理,连续3 d(晴天的条件)测得日光温室环境与番茄叶片光合作用的相关数据。【结果】主动采光日光温室环境温湿度、光照辐射方面优于非主动采光日光温室,主动采光日光温室的光照辐射均值较普通采光日光温室在3 d内分别高出了4.39%、5.85%、5.67%;两栋日光温室番茄的净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率呈现随着密度的增加而减弱的现象,胞间CO₂浓度则相反;就不同采光日光温室而言,主动采光日光温室番茄的光合特性较普通采光日光温室高。【结论】日光温室主动采光在环境以及番茄光合特性方面均优越于普通采光日光温室。     

氮素用量对设施韭菜气体交换及叶绿素荧光参数的影响

【目的】研究不同氮素用量对设施韭菜气体交换及叶绿素荧光参数的影响。【方法】以1年生韭菜作为材料,通过U₁(CK,0)、U₂9.2 kg/(667m²·y)、U₃18.4 kg/(667m²·y)、U₄27.6 kg/(667m²·y)、U₅36.8 kg/(667m²·y)、U₆46.0 kg/(667m²·y)、U₇55.2 kg/(667m²·y)、U₈64.4 kg/(667m²·y)8个处理,测定气体交换参数(净光合速率、胞间CO₂浓度、蒸腾速率、气孔导度)、叶绿素荧光动力学参数(光下稳态荧光、电子传递速率、光适应下PSII反应中心激发能捕获效率、CO₂同化的量子效率、非光化学淬灭系数和光化学淬灭系数)。【结果】韭菜叶片气体交换及叶绿素荧光动力学参数均随着氮素浓度的增加均表现出先增加后减少的趋势,光合参数的最施氮素用量为13.40~33.73 kg/(667m²·y),叶绿素荧光参数的最施氮素用量在27.72~40.76 kg/(667m²·y)。【结论】综合光合参数与叶绿素荧光参数,宁夏地区设施韭菜氮素用量为27.72~33.73 kg/(667m²·y)(即尿素施用量为60.25~73.33 kg/(667m²·y)。     

氨基酸液体肥料替代氮肥对辣椒生长、产量及品质的影响

【目的】氮肥减施条件下,筛选出适合辣椒生长的氨基酸液体肥料比例,提高辣椒的产量及品质。【方法】以辉腾8号为材料,共设6个处理,以常规施肥为对照,减施氮肥10%、20%、30%、40%、50%,配施氨基酸液体肥料,测定辣椒的生长指标、产量及品质指标,分析氨基酸液体肥料替代化肥对辣椒生长、产量及品质的影响。【结果】各处理对辣椒的生长、产量及品质都有影响。T4处理可以提高辣椒的产量,其中,单果重、单株果实数、单株产量、小区产量分别比CK提高0.17%、28.98%、10.11%、24.64%。同时,T4处理可以改善辣椒的品质,果形指数、可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖、VC比CK提高12.62%、10.92%、3.63%、30.44%,硝酸盐含量比CK降低22.61%。【结论】氨基酸液体肥料可以替代部分氮肥且T4处理(减施氮肥40%,配施28 kg/667m²的氨基酸液体肥料)进行基施和追施,可使辣椒的产量和品质达到最好。     

海南省益智产业发展优势、存在问题与对策

为促进海南省益智(Alpinia oxyphylla Miq.)产业的可持续发展,更好地发挥其对地区经济的推动作用,对海南益智产业发展现状开展了调查。分析发现海南益智产业具有资源比较优势明显、市场潜力巨大、产业基础良好等发展潜力和优势,是海南经济结构调整和精准扶贫的首选。指出了海南益智产业发展中存在种苗、种植、品质、市场风险等问题,提出了加强育种、规范化栽培、功能成分提取和产品开发研究,制定相关标准,健全组织保障和资金保障体系,加强市场营销,打响品牌知名度等建议。此研究可为海南益智产业发展提供参考。     

栽插和秸秆还田方式对水稻氮素吸收利用和产量的影响

【目的】秸秆还田方式影响土壤和肥料中养分的有效性,本研究通过比较不同还田方式下水稻产量、氮素吸收利用的差异,为水稻人工插秧和毯苗机插技术选择适宜的秸秆还田方式提供依据。【方法】本试验于2016-2018年在成都温江四川农业大学水稻研究所试验田进行,以籼型三系杂交稻F优498为试验材料,采用两因素裂区设计,主区为秸秆不还田(S0)、覆盖还田(S1)和翻埋还田(S2) 3种还田方式,副区为人工插秧(HT)和毯苗机插(MT) 2种栽插方式,氮肥用量为N 135 kg/hm^2,按基肥∶蘖肥∶促花肥∶保花肥=3∶3∶2∶2的比例施用。磷肥(过磷酸钙)用量为P2O5 90 kg/hm^2,作基肥一次施入;钾肥(氯化钾)用量为K2O 150 kg/hm^2,施用比例为基肥∶穗肥=7∶3。分别于分蘖盛期、拔节期、齐穗期和成熟期采集茎鞘、叶和穗样品测定干物重和氮含量,计算不同时期氮素积累、转运及氮素利用效率。【结果】秸秆还田方式对人工和机械插秧水稻产量、植株氮素积累及氮素利用具有显著影响。1)与S0相比,S1、S2处理提高了水稻产量,抑制了水稻分蘖盛期氮素积累,促进了拔节期至成熟期各器官及植株氮素积累,提高了植株氮含量,S1效果优于S2,且S1提高了氮素茎鞘转运量(44.1%)、茎鞘转运率(10.2%)、叶片转运量(23.5%)和穗氮增加幅度(21.2%),S2仅提高了氮素茎鞘转运量(24.7%)、茎鞘转运率(6.5%)和穗氮增加幅度(16.7%)。氮肥农学效率和氮素回收率表现为S1> S2,但S1、S2氮素的稻谷生产效率均有所降低。2)分蘖盛期至拔节期,HT处理的水稻各器官氮素积累、各时期植株氮素积累、氮素转运和产量均大于MT处理的,氮素回收率则显著低于MT处理的。秸秆还田方式对不同栽插方式氮素积累和转运的影响程度不一,分蘖盛期HT处理的氮素积累以S2处理最小,MT处理则以S1最小。两种栽插方式下拔节期至成熟期氮素积累和转运量、氮肥农学利用率及吸收利用率均以S1处理最大。【结论】从提高水稻产量和氮素利用率来看,人工插秧和毯苗机插均适宜采用小麦秸秆覆盖还田模式,并以覆盖还田结合人工插秧方式为最佳。     

Modeling of the Contour Water Flooding Technology in Microcosms

Eurasian Soil Science - The results are presented of modeling the “contour water flooding” biotechnology aimed at cleaning heavily petroleum-polluted agrosoddy-podzolic soils (Albic...     

A review of carbon isotopes of phytoliths: implications for phytolith-occluded carbon sources

Journal of Soils and Sediments - Phytolith-occluded carbon (PhytOC) is mainly derived from the products of photosynthesis, which can be preserved in soils and sediments for hundreds-to-thousands of...     

Mechanisms behind soil N dynamics following cover restoration in degraded land in subtropical China

Purpose

Nitrogen (N) is an important nutrient for re-vegetation during ecosystem restoration, but the effects of cover restoration on soil N transformations are not fully understood. This study was conducted to investigate N transformations in soils with different cover restoration ages in Eastern China.

Materials and methods

Soil samples were collected from four degraded and subsequently restored lands with restoration ages of 7, 17, 23, and 35 years along with an adjacent control of degraded land. A ¹⁵N tracing technique was used to quantify gross N transformation rates.

Results and discussion

Compared with degraded land, soil organic carbon (SOC) and total N (TN) increased by 1.60–3.97 and 2.49–5.36 times in restoration land. Cover restoration increased ammonium and nitrate immobilization, and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) by 0.56–0.96, 0.34–2.10, and 0.79–3.45 times, respectively, indicating that restoration was beneficial for N retention. There were positive correlations between SOC content and ammonium and nitrate immobilization and DNRA, indicating that the increase in soil N retention capacity may be ascribed to increasing SOC concentrations. The stimulating effect of SOC on ammonium immobilization was greater than its effect on organic N mineralization, so while SOC and TN increased, inorganic N supply did not increase. Autotrophic and heterotrophic nitrification increased with increasing SOC and TN concentrations. Notably, heterotrophic nitrification was an important source of NO₃^??N production, accounting for 47–67% of NO₃^??N production among all restoration ages.

Conclusions

The capacity of N retention was improved by cover restoration, leading to an increase in soil organic carbon and total N over time, but inorganic N supply capacity did not change with cover restoration age.

     

Assessment of soil aggregation properties after conversion from rice to greenhouse organic cultivation on SOC controlling mechanism

Journal of Soils and Sediments - Organic manure is beneficial for macro-aggregate formation and soil organic carbon (SOC), but how SOC change in aggregate fractions in time-series is still...